.NET/Java PDF, Tiff, Barcode SDK Library

To better understand Atlas and its architecture, it s best to understand ASP.NET 2.0 server controls. These are a fundamental part of the ASP.NET framework. At their core, server controls are classes in the .NET Framework that represent visual elements on a web form. Some of them are straightforward and map closely to standard HTML tags, effectively providing server-side implementations of those tags. Others are larger-scale abstractions that encapsulate complex GUI tasks such as grids but represent them using HTML. It s important to note that applications using server controls are rendered in the browser. Specifically, the server, using the control, compiles its logic and representation in HTML and/or JavaScript that gets delivered to the browser to render.

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This encoding is called UTF-16, and is the common in-memory representation for strings in most modern platforms. Throughout the Windows API, this format is referred to as Unicode . This is somewhat imprecise, as there are numerous different Unicode formats. But since none were in widespread use at the time Windows first introduced Unicode support, Microsoft apparently felt that UTF-16 was an unnecessarily confusing name. But in general, when you see Unicode in either Windows or the .NET Framework, it means UTF-16.

From that, we can see that those IsNumber, IsLetter, IsHighSurrogate, and IsLowSurrogate methods correspond to tests for particular Unicode categories.

You may ask: why do we need to know about encodings when it just works That s all very well for our in-memory representation of a string, but what happens when we save some text to disk, encrypt it, or send it across the Web as HTML We may not want the 16-bit Unicode encoding we ve got in memory, but something else. These encodings are really information interchange standards, as much as they are internal choices about how we represent strings.

QSqlDatabase::addDatabase method. Because you pass only a driver name and no connection name, it will be the default connection. The returned QSqlDatabase object is then set up. The properties for hostName, databaseName, userName, and password are set. Then the database connection is opened using the open method. If false is returned, the connection was not established. The reason for the failure is returned through a QSqlError object that you can get by using the lastError method. If true is returned, the connection has been successfully established.

Most XML documents, for example, are encoded using the UTF-8 encoding. This is an encoding that lets us represent any character in the Unicode codespace, and is compatible with ASCII for the characters in the 7-bit set. It achieves this by using variablelength characters: a single byte for the ASCII range, and two to six bytes for the rest. It takes advantage of special marker values (with the high bit set) to indicate the start of two to six byte sequences.

While UTF-8 and ASCII are compatible in the sense that any file that contains ASCII text happens to be a valid UTF-8 file (and has the same meaning whether you interpret it as ASCII or UTF-8), there are two caveats. First, a lot of people are sloppy with their terminology and will describe any old 8-bit text encoding as ASCII, which is wrong. ASCII is strictly 7-bit. Latin1 text that uses characters from the top-bit-set range is not valid UTF-8. Second, it s possible to construct a valid UTF-8 file that only uses characters from the 7-bit range, and yet is not a valid ASCII file. (For example, if you save a file from Windows Notepad as UTF-8, it will not be valid ASCII.) That s because UTF-8 is allowed to contain certain non-ASCII features. One is the so-called BOM (Byte Order Mark), which is a sequence of bytes at the start of the file unambiguously representing the file as UTF-8. (The bytes are 0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF.) The BOM is optional, but Notepad always adds it if you save as UTF-8, which is likely to confuse any program that only understands how to process ASCII.

We re not going to look at any more details of these specific encodings. If you re writing an encoder or decoder by hand, you ll want to refer to the relevant specifications and vast bodies of work on their interpretation. Fortunately, for the rest of us mortals, the .NET Framework provides us with standard implementations of most of the encodings, so we can convert between the different representations fairly easily.